The Woman Question in Slovene Opinion Journalism
(from the 1870s to the first half of the 1890s)
Keywords:
the woman question, Slovene press, 1870s–first half of 1890s, national selfawareness, education, professions, women’s societies
Abstract
Based on historical research and publications in the Slovene press, this work analyses characteristic features of the views on the woman question in Slovene opinion journalism of the 1870s to the first half of the 1890s. In the same way as it was among other Slavic peoples of the Habsburg Empire, the women’s movement among the Slovenes was mainly oriented at solving national problems, and social problems were also considered by them in this vein. The article highlights the process of shaping a new image of the ideal Slovene woman by the Slovene press: an ardent patriot, educated, and participating in the national life of her people in full awareness, she is also a faithful companion and friend to her husband and a mother who fosters in her children love for their native language and people. The author retraces the evolution of the Slovenes’ ideas about the role of women in the family and society and comes to the conclusion that in the first half of the 1890s, the publications in the student magazine Vesna and the liberal newspaper Slovanski svet brought the discussion of the woman question to a new level and in many respects paved the way for the subsequent development and formation of the women’s movement.
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Cindrič, Alojz. 2013. Študentke s Kranjske na dunajski univerzi 1897–1918. Zgodovinski časopis 67 (1–2): 60–85.
Churkina, Iskra V. 2017. Rossiia i slaviane v ideologii slovenskikh natsional’nykh deiatelei 16 v. – 1914 g. [Russia and the Slavs in the ideology of Slovene national activists from the sixteenth century to 1914]. Moscow: Institut slavianovedenia RAN. (in Rus.)
Devetak, Robert. 2020. Boj za slovenske šole in delovanje ženskih podružnic Družbe svetega Cirila in Metoda na Goriškem in Gradiškem v obdobju pred prvo svetovno vojno. Zgodovinski časopis 74 (3–4): 360–387.
Dobova, Mila. 1926. Žensko šoljstvo in učiteljstvo. In Govekarjeva, Minka (ed.), Slovenska žena. 233–240. Ljubljana: Splošno žensko društvo.
Govekarjeva, Minka. 1926. Naše žensko časnikarstvo. In Govekarjeva, Minka (ed.), Slovenska žena. 202–223. Ljubljana: Splošno žensko društvo.
Justinova, Mara. 1926. Franja Tavčarjeva. In Govekarjeva, Minka (ed.), Slovenska žena. 195–197. Ljubljana: Splošno žensko društvo.
Kirilina, Liubov´ A. 2020. Iazykovaia situaciia v slovenskih zemliah v kontse XVIII — nachale XX v. v sociokul´turnom kontekste epokhi [The language situation in the Slovene lands from the late eighteenth to early twentieth centuries in the sociocultural context of the era]. Tsentral´noevropeiskie issledovaniia 2019 (2/11): 80–106. Moscow: Institut slavianovedeniia RAN; Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriia. DOI 10.31168/2619- 0877.2019.2.14. (in Rus.)
Leskinen, Mariia V. 2014. Kharakterologiia slavian v russkoi interpretatsii: sposoby izobrazheniia gendernykh tipov “etnicheskogo drugogo” vo vtoroi polovine 19 v. [Characterology of the Slavs in the Russian interpretation: Ways of depicting gender types of the “ethnic other” in the second half of the nineteenth century]. Tokovi istorije (3): 11–50. (in Rus.)
Lobacheva, Yu.V. 2022. Zhenskie organizatsii v Belgrade v poslednei chetverti 19 – nachale 20 v. [Women’s Organizations in Belgrade from the Last Quarter of the Nineteenth to the Early Twentieth Century]. In Tsentral’noevropeiskie issledovaniia, 5 (14): Moscow: Institut slavianovedeniia RAN; Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriia, pp. 347–391. DOI: 10.31168/2619-0877.2022.5.14. (in Rus.)
Matveeva, V. 2004. Zhenskoe dvizhenie v Tsarstve Pol´skom v kontse XIX – nachale XX v. [Women’s movement in the Kingdom of Poland in the late 19th – early 20th centuries]. In Matveev, G., ed. Indusrializatsiia I obshchestvo. Sotsial´nye posledstviia indusrializatsii v Evrope v XIX – XX vekah. Moscow: Izdatel´stvo Glavnogo Arkhivnogo upravleniia g. Moskvy, pp. 56–64. (in Rus.)
Mihurko Poniž, Katja. 2009. Slovenke in narodno gibanje v slovenski publicistiki 19. stoletja. Zgodovinski časopis 63 (1–2): 174–195.
Muradova, Tat´iana I. 2002. Liberal´nyi feminizm v Avstro-Vengrii (zhenskii vopros vo vzgliadakh cheshskoi demokraticheskoi intelligentsii v kontse XIX – nachale XX v.). [Liberal Feminism in Austria-Hungary (Women’s Question in the Views of the Czech Democratic Intelligentsia in the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries)]. In Matveev, Gennadij – Kuz´micheva, Liudmila (eds.). Iugoslavianskaia istoriia v novoe i noveishee vremia. Materialy nauchnykh chtenii, posviashchennykh 80-letiiu so dnia rozhdeiia professora V. G. Karaseva (1922–1991). 147–154. Мoscow: Mosgorarkhiv. (in Rus.)
Regaliuk, Marina M. 2008. Zhenskie gimnazii i uchilishcha v rossiiskom obrazovanii 19 veka. [Women’s gymnasiums and colleges in Russian education in the 19th century]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii (9): 24–26. (in Rus.)
Rustija, Peter. 1995. ‘Na delovanje, hčere slave!’ Žensko vprašanje v akademski reviji Vesna (1892–1894). Kronika. Časopis za slovensko krajevno zgodovino 43 (1–2): 68–73.
Schwarz, A. 2008. Shifting Voices. Feminist Thought and Women’s Writing in Fin-de-Siècle Austria and Hungary. Montreal, Quebéc & London: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Stites, Richard. 2004. Zhenskoe osvoboditel´noe dvizhenie v Rossii: Feminizm, nigilizm i bol´shevizm, 1860–1930. [The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia: Feminism, Nihilism and Bolshevism, 1860–1930]. Мoscow: ROSSPEN. (in Rus.)
Šatej, Barbara. 1999. Slovenska ženska 1900–1918. Kronika: Časopis za slovensko krajevno zgodovino 47 (1–2): 89–114.
Štebi, Alojizija. 1926. Aktivnost slovenske žene. In Govekarjeva, Minka (ed.), Slovenska žena. 161–185. Ljubljana: Splošno žensko društvo.
Verginella, Marta. 1993. Vloga žene in moža v slovenski publicistiki 19. stoletja in v dokumentih s tržaškega podeželja. Zgodovinski časopis 47 (4): 531–545.
Verginella, Marta. 2004. Zgodovina žensk ali ženska zgodovina. In Ženske skozi zgodovino. Zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. 7–12. Celje, Ljubljana: Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije.
Vittorelli, Natascha. 2004. Slovenka. O prvem ženskom časopisu. Zgodovina za vse. Vse za zgodovino XI (2): 12–21.
Vodopivec, Peter. 1994. Kako so ženske na Slovenskem v 19. stoletju stopale v javno živlenje. Prispevek k zgodovini žensk v slovenskem prostoru (1848–1900). Zgodovina za vse. Vse za zgodovino I (2): 30–44.
Žnidaršič Žagar, Sabina. 2003. Ženske na trgu dela: čas sprememb 1880–1910. Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino XLIII (2): 43–59.
